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Linde OASE

Linde is an industrial gas and engineering company with a global presence. They offer a wide range of industrial gases, engineering services, and equipment across various sectors like chemicals, energy, food & beverage, electronics, and healthcare. In recent years, Linde has emerged in the CCUS market with several technologies (OASE® blue and HISORP® CC).

They claim competitive advantage based on the following:

  1. Complete solutions providers: Linde provides an integrated business model by utilizing both their engineering and gas businesses. This allows them to provide Carbon Capture services across the value chain from capture and processing to conditioning, transportation, utilization, and storage.
  2. Technology agnostic: Linde is technology agnostic in their choice of capture technologies, based on the nature of the capture project. They offer OASE blue Amine-based capture technology and HISORP CC pressure-based adsorption capture technology.

Fact sheet

CO2 Capture rate

95% with CO2 inlet 3-25%

Capacity

>350kt+ CO2/year

Delivery time

NA

Footprint

Smaller

Energy

OASE blue: 2.5GJ/t desorption energy required
Utilities: el.+thermal

Capture technolgy - Amine solvent-based capture

1.

1. Gas pre-treating

Hot flue gas is fed to the Direct Contact Cooler (DCC). In addition to cooling the flue gas, the DCC also removes sulfur dioxide to prevent the downstream amine loop from forming particulates. If necessary, an additional module for removing fine particles/aerosols can be included in the cooler to mitigate amine losses at the top of the absorber column.
Afterward, the flue gas flow is pressurized by the flue gas blower to overcome the pressure drop of the entire absorber column.

1.2.

2. Lean solvent CO2 absorption

After leaving the blower, the flue gas is fed to the bottom of the absorber column where CO₂ is removed by the OASE® blue technology in a counter-current flow. High-performance packing is installed in order to ensure efficient mass transfer and to minimize the column diameter and pressure drop. Due to the absorption enthalpy, the temperature in this section increases and this has the effect of lowering the process efficiency overall. A gravity-driven interstage cooler is installed between the absorption beds in order to increase the general performance of the plant. The upper section of the absorber column features an advanced emission control system.

1.2.3.2.

3. Rich solvent regeneration

The hot, rich solution enters the upper section of the desorber column and flows downwards counter-current to the vapour, which is generated in the reboiler. CO₂ is stripped off the amine solution at this
stage. After leaving the desorber column, the CO₂ stream saturated with water is cooled in the overhead condenser. Condensate and
CO₂-rich gas are separated in the reflux drum and the condensate is fed back to the desorber column. Steam is used to provide the regeneration heat in the reboiler. The hot steam condensate is sent back to the battery limit.

Downstream treatment

The captured CO₂ can be further purified and liquefied for use in chemical or other industry processes. Alternatively, it can be purified to a food-grade level and used in the production of food and beverages.
Linde also specializes in CO₂ purification, liquefaction, storage and distribution technologies. The company offers a range of prefabricated, standardized solutions to accelerate deployment and maximize cost efficiencies.

Partners

Under its OASE® brand, BASF developed a range of high-performance gas treatment technologies. The BASF OASE® process is used successfully in more than 400 plants worldwide to scrub natural, synthesis, and other industrial gases. With OASE® blue, BASF developed a technical solution specifically for PCC. The OASE® blue package includes an aqueous amine-based solvent which is highly stable.

Reference projects

Niederaussem project ran from 2009 and was one of the first carbon capture pilots in Euriope. 

  • Partners: RWE Power (power plant operator), BASF (solvent developer), and Linde (engineering and construction)
  • Technology: Post-combustion capture using BASF’s OASE® solvent
  • Capture capacity: 7.2 tons of CO2 per day
  • Capture rate: Over 90% of CO2 removed from flue gas
  • Purpose: Demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of post-combustion capture for coal-fired power plants
  • 2009: Pilot plant construction completed and begins operation.
  • 2010: Initial results reported, showing significant energy savings compared to other capture technologies.
  • 2011-2014: Continued testing and optimization of the capture process.
  • 2015: Project extended to explore integration with a nearby chemical plant for CO2 utilization.
  • 2017: Project concludes with successful demonstration of the technology’s potential.
  • 2018-present: Knowledge gained from Niederaussem used by Linde and BASF to develop and offer commercial carbon capture solutions.

The Wilsonville Project in Alabama, USA, with Linde carbon capture was also a significant pilot project focused on testing novel CO2 scrubbing solvents. 

  • 2011: U.S. Department of Energy grants funding for the project.
  • 2012-2014: Construction of the pilot plant.
  • 2015-2016: Operation and testing of the plant with different solvents.
  • 2016: Project concludes with successful demonstration of the technology’s potential, particularly the improved cost-effectiveness compared to other technologies.
  • 2016-present: Knowledge gained from Wilsonville used by Linde and BASF to develop and offer commercial carbon capture solutions, particularly their combined PCC package using the OASE® blue technology.

Linde Oase blue capture system will be installed in the Dallman 4 unit at CWLP, which is a nominal 200-MWe pulverized coal-fired unit that became operational in 2009

Timeline:

  • 2018: Project receives funding from the U.S. Department of Energy and the State of Illinois.
  • 2020-2021: Engineering and design phase.
  • 2021: Construction of the 10 MWe pilot capture system begins.
  • 2023: Pilot system completed and testing commences.
  • 2024-2025: Continued testing and data analysis.
  • 2025+: Decision on potential expansion to a full-scale system (100 MWe) based on pilot results.

Linde’s Lenfurt project is the first industrial-scale carbon capture and utilization (CCU) project in the cement industry using OASE blue technology.

  • Project: Capture-to-Use (CAP2U) – World’s first industrial-scale carbon capture and utilization (CCU) facility in the cement industry.
  • Location: Lengfurt, Germany
  • Status: Under construction, planned operation in Q2 2025
  • Capture capacity: 70,000 tonnes of CO₂ per year
  • Technology: OASE blue
  • Focus: Captured CO2 will be utilized in the food and chemical industries.
  • Funding: Partially funded by the German government.