Technip Energies utilizes Shell’s CANSOLV licensed solvent solutions. The solvent is based on amine solvent. The flue gasses are pre-treated in a circulated water pre-scrubber and transferred to the absorber tower where they contact the lean amine solution. The CO2-rich amine is pumped through a heat exchanger and through a regeneration column. There, CO2 is recovered as a pure, water-saturated product. The process undergoes several cooling and heating steps. Some of the energy from CO2 stripping reboilers is re-used in amine purification units.

Linde HISORP technology is based on Temperature Swing Adsorption. The flue gasses get compressed and heated once the adsorption process starts. Flue gas travels through the adsorber where it loads the adsorbent material. After a certain time, the adsorbent material is fully loaded and the adsorber switches to regeneration phase while another adsorber switches to adsorption mode. In the regeneration phase, the loaded adsorbent material undergoes several heating and cooling steps. As HISORP carbon capture does not require any thermal energy, only electric energy can be used to complete the process. However, it is a very energy intensive process.

The solvent APBS-CDRMax works together with Rotating packed beds to achieve the best result. Rotating packed beds are introduced in both the absorber and desorber process where they utilize centrifugal force to ensure maximum contact with the solvent and greater absorption. This allows for a smaller overall footprint of the capture technology. CycloneCC requires electricity and heat to operate, however it does not require any additional electricity due to the Rotating packed beds. As CycloneCC does not need to pump solvent to the usual heights, the electricity needed is offset.

Linde CO2 OASE blue capture was developed in collaboration with BASF. The process includes running the flue gas through direct contact cooler, absorber, and a desorber. Linde claims to achieve a 20% energy savings through its advanced process design of OASE blue system to 2.5 GJ/tCO2. This setup requires steam/heat integration. At the same time, it allows for lower electricity consumption.

Potassium carbonate solution treats flue gasses through absorber and desorber towers. The enzyme solution (Carbonic Anhydrase) is introduced in the absorption process where it accelerates the conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate. During solvent regeneration, the enzyme accelerates the conversion from bicarbonate to CO2. The capture system only requires low-grade waste heat for its operations. No steam is required for solvent regeneration, hot water is sufficient. Part of the heat can also be recovered from the hot flue gasses and additional possibilities of heat recovery can be explored.

Amine based CO2 capture treats flue gasses in absorber tower, where solvent is introduced, gets enriched and travels to desorber tower. There, the CO2 is separated and lean solvent cycles back to the absorber. Together with MAN solutions, ACC have developed an energy saver solution where they harvest energy from carbon capture process and add electricity to generate energy savings. Multiple setup options with either fully electric, waste heat integration or hybrid solutions.

After capture, CO2-rich flue gasses are compressed to a high pressure of >50 bar and dried. The pressurized flue gas undergoes a Pressure Swing Adsorption process where the CO2 stream is concentrated and non-condensable gases are vented out. The condensed CO2 stream gets cooled down to -50C in the cryogenic section, where it partially condenses. This allows for CO2 recovery via condensation. The CO2 liquid falls to the bottom of cryogenic drum and gets sent to a distillation column. There, the CO2 is purified and re-vaporazed in the heat exchanger. Finally, the CO2 is re-pressurized and made ready for transport.

Hot potassium carbonate CO2 capture treats pressurized flue gasses in absorber tower, where solvent is introduced, gets enriched and travels to desorber tower. There, the CO2 is separated and lean solvent cycles back to the absorber. In order for hot potassium carbonate to work, the flue gas needs to be pressurized to 5-8 bar, depending on the CO2 concentration. With Capsol’s proprietary Heat retention tech, the pressurization represents the only step of the process where external heat is required.